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        <p>最近工作中总是与linux、git打交道，不可避免的要使用vim文本编辑器。在此，将一些常见的操作整理出来。做个总结。同时，通过网上查找再加强学习。</p>
<h2 id="什么是vi？"><a href="#什么是vi？" class="headerlink" title="什么是vi？"></a>什么是vi？</h2><blockquote>
<p>vi(vim)可以说是linux中用得最多的工具了，不管你配置服务也好，写脚本也好，总会用到它。但是，vim作为一个“纯字符”模式下的工具，它的操作和WINDOWS中的文本编辑工具相比多少有些复杂。</p>
</blockquote>
<h2 id="基本概念"><a href="#基本概念" class="headerlink" title="基本概念"></a>基本概念</h2><p>基本上vi可分为三种操作状态，分别是命令模式（Command mode）、插入模式（Insert mode）和底线命令模式（Last line mode），各模式的功能区分如下：</p>
<ol>
<li><p>Comand mode：控制屏幕光标的移动，字符或光标的删除，移动复制某区段及进入Insert mode下，或者到Last line mode。</p>
</li>
<li><p>Insert mode：唯有在Insert mode下，才可做文字数据输入，按Esc等可回到Comand mode。</p>
</li>
<li><p>Last line mode：将储存文件或离开编辑器，也可设置编辑环境，如寻找字符串、列出行号等。</p>
</li>
</ol>
<p><strong><em>不过可以把vi简化成两个模式，即是将Last line mode也算入Command mode,把vi分成Command 和Insert mode。</em></strong></p>
<h2 id="基本操作"><a href="#基本操作" class="headerlink" title="基本操作"></a>基本操作</h2><ul>
<li><p>进入vi编辑模式：</p>
  <figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">vi text.sh  <span class="comment">#在系统提示符号输入vi及文件名称后，即可进入vi全屏幕编辑画面</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p>编辑文件</p>
<p>  <strong><em>进入vi之后是处于“Command mode”下，您要切换到Insert mode才能输入文字。</em></strong></p>
<blockquote>
<p>在Command mode下按‘i’、‘a’或‘o’三键就可进入Insert mode。这时候您就可以开始输入文字了。</p>
</blockquote>
<ul>
<li><p>i : 插入，从目前光标所在之处插入所输入的文字。</p>
</li>
<li><p>a : 增加，目前光标所在的下一个字开始输入文字。</p>
</li>
<li><p>o : 插入新的一行，从行首开始输入文字。</p>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>Insert的切换→Command mode，按Esc键(退出编辑状态)：</p>
<pre><code>您目前处于Insert mode，您就只能一直打字。假如您发现打错字了，想用光标键往回移动，将该字删除，就要按ESC键转换回Command mode，再删除文字。
</code></pre></li>
<li><p>多行注释/反注释</p>
<p>  1.多行注释：</p>
<ul>
<li>Ctrl+v           进入块级编辑模式</li>
<li>操作光标上下      选取被注释区域</li>
<li>输入I {大写的i}   进入多行插入修改模式</li>
<li>输入#             输入要插入的字符</li>
<li><p>按ESC            退出多行插入模式</p>
<p>2.取消注释</p>
</li>
<li>Ctrl+v           进入块级编辑模式</li>
<li>操作光标上下      选取被注释区域</li>
<li>按d删除第一列#号</li>
<li>按ESC            退出多行插入模式</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>离开vi及存文件<br>在Command mode下，可按冒号“：”键入入Last line mode，例如：</p>
<ul>
<li><p>:w filename (输入“w filename”，将文章存入指定的文件名filename)</p>
</li>
<li><p>:wq (输入“wq”，因为进入之时已经指定文件名testfile，所以会写入testfile并离开vi)</p>
</li>
<li><p>:q! (输入“q!”，强制离开并放弃编辑的文件)</p>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="Command-mode功能键列表"><a href="#Command-mode功能键列表" class="headerlink" title="Command mode功能键列表"></a>Command mode功能键列表</h2><ol>
<li><p>移动光标</p>
<ul>
<li>第一种方法：上下左右按键【好像白说了~~】</li>
<li>第二种方法：vi标准按键：<blockquote>
<p>h、j、k、l，分别控制光标左、下、上、右移一格。</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>翻页</p>
<ul>
<li>按Ctrl+B：屏幕往后移动一页。[常用]</li>
<li>按Ctrl+F：屏幕往前移动一页。[常用]</li>
<li>按Ctrl+U：屏幕往后移动半页。</li>
<li>按Ctrl+D：屏幕往前移动半页。</li>
<li>按 0 （数字零）：移动文章的开头。[常用]</li>
<li>按 G：移动到文章的最后。[常用]</li>
<li>按 w：光标跳到下个word的开头。[常用]</li>
<li>按 e：光标跳到下个word的字尾。</li>
<li>按 b：光标回到上个word的开头。</li>
<li>按 $：移到光标所在行的行尾。[常用]</li>
<li>按 ^：移到该行第一个非空白的字符。</li>
<li>按 0：移到该行的开头位置。[常用]</li>
<li>按 #：移到该行的第#个位置，例：51、121。[常用]</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>删除文字</p>
<ul>
<li>x：每按一次删除光标所在位置的后面一个字符。[超常用]</li>
<li>dd：删除光标所在行。[超常用]</li>
<li>yy：复制光标所在行。[超常用]</li>
<li>p：复制单行到您想粘贴之处。（指令‘yy’与‘p’必须搭配使用）</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>撤销操作</p>
<ul>
<li>u：假如您误操作一个指令，可以马上按u，回复到上一个操作。[超常用]</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>跳至指定行</p>
<ul>
<li>Ctrl+G：列出光标所在行的行号。例如，15G，表示移动光标至文章的第15行行首。[常用]</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ol>
<h2 id="Last-line-mode下指令简介"><a href="#Last-line-mode下指令简介" class="headerlink" title="Last line mode下指令简介"></a>Last line mode下指令简介</h2><p><strong><em>先按Esc键确定您已经处于Command mode下后，再按冒号“：”或“/”或“？”三键的其中一键进入Last line mode。</em></strong></p>
<ol>
<li>列出行号</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li>set nu: 输入“set nu”后，会在文章的每一行前面列出行号。</li>
</ul>
<ol start="2">
<li>跳到文章的某一行</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li>#：井号代表一个数字，在Last line mode提示符号“：”前输入数字，再按Enter就会跳到该行了，如：15[Enter]就会跳到文章的第15行。[常用]</li>
</ul>
<ol start="3">
<li>寻找字符串</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li>/关键字：先按/，再输入您想寻找的字，如果第一次找的关键字不是您相尽可能的，可以一直按n会往下寻找到您要的关键字为止。</li>
<li>？关键字：先按？，再输入您想寻找的字，如果第一次找的关键字不是您想要的，可以按n会往前寻找到您要的关键字为止。</li>
</ul>
<ol start="4">
<li>取代字符串</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li>1，$s/string/replae/g：在last line mode输入“ 1,$s/string/replace/g ”会将全文的string字符串取代为replace字符串，其中1,$s就是指搜寻区间为文章从头至尾的意思，g则是表示全部取代不必确认。</li>
<li>%s/string/replace/c：同样会将全文的string字符串取代为replace字符串，和上面指令不同的地方是，%s和1,$s是相同的功能，c则是表示要替代之前必须再次确认是否取代。</li>
<li>1,20s/string/replace/g：将1至20行间的string替代为relpace字符串。</li>
</ul>
<ol start="5">
<li>存文件</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li>w：在last line mode提示符号“：”前按w即可将文件存起来。[超常用]</li>
</ul>
<ol start="6">
<li>离开</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li>q：按q就离开，有时如果无法离开vi，可搭配“！：强置离开vi，如“q！”</li>
<li>qw：一般建议离开时，搭配w一起使用，如此离开时还可存文件。[常用]</li>
</ul>

      
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